Chemokine C-C Receptor 1/MIF1/RANTES-R

Accession # AAH64991;; Other nomenclature:  Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha receptor, RANTES-R, CD191.

Chemokine receptors represent a subfamily of ~20 GPCRs that were originally identified by their roles in immune cell trafficking.  Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and RANTES, members of the beta chemokine family of leukocyte chemo-attractants, bind to a common seven-transmembrane-domain human receptor.  Chemokine (Chemoattractant Cytokines) are small peptides that are potent activators and chemo-attractants for leukocyte subpopulations and other non-hemopoietic cells.  Chemokine receptors (CCR) belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which regulate the trafficking and activation of leukocytes, and operate as co-receptors in the entry of HIV-1 and directing the proliferation and migration of immature neurons, glia and their precursors (1). Furthermore, chemokine receptors participate in the etiology and progression of various brain disorders, including AIDS dementia, neuro-inflammatory disease and neuroplasia, making them important potential therapeutic targets in these cases.  Induction of chemokines and infiltration of chemokine receptor-bearing cells has also been shown in a variety of animal models of renal diseases, as well as in human diseases and allograft rejection (2)

Activation of naïve T cells by specific antigen and cytokines, up-regulate cell adhesion molecules (CAM) as well as chemokine receptors on their surface, which directs them to migrate towards the inflamed tissues.  Several subtypes of CCR have been characterized (CCR1-CCR9). The CCR1 receptors are activated by its ligand CCL5/RANTES and control cell migration associated with routine immune surveillance, inflammation and development. CCR1 also plays important role in normal physiology, cancer and AIDS, thus making them important therapeutic targets. The CCR1 receptor protein is approximately 45 kDa  (355 amino acids) protein which has 7 transmembrane domains, characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors.  The CCR4 receptors are activated by Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) that is expressed constitutively in thymus and transiently in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.  The protein has putative N-glycosylation sites near the extra cellular N-terminal end of the proteins.  The protein has a large 3^rd intra cellular loop which interacts with G-proteins.  The short carboxy terminal is intracellular and has putative post-translational sites. 

The Anti-CCR1-selective antibodies were generated against conserved but unique sequences from human and mouse CCR1 proteins.  These sequences reside near the N-terminal end of CCR1 and are unique to CCR1 protein.  The antibodies to CCR1 are affinity purified over immobilized antigen based chromatography, and the purified immunoglobulins are stabilized in antibody stabilization buffer. The affinity purified antibodies are also conjugated to FITC and biotin for direct applications in IHC and cell sorting experiments.  FabGennix Int. Inc., also provide limited quantities of antigenic blocking peptides for CCR1 antibodies.   Antibodies to CCR1 will label CCR1 protein from various species, and in multiple protocols.  Limited quantities of antigenic blocking peptide and Western blot positive control for CCR1 antibodies are also available in ready-to-use buffer for SDS-PAGE and western blotting experiments. FabGennix Inc., provides custom antibody services to those who are looking for high affinity low background antibodies in many different hosts. 

Immunogen:            Synthetic peptides taken form near N-terminal region of the CCR1 protein from within aa region (1-50).  The peptides were post-synthetically modified and conjugated to carrier protein to achieve desired antigenicity.  The CCR1 peptides sequences were conserved in rat, mouse and human protein and also present in other species.  

Concentration:         CCR1-101 and CCR1-112AP antibodies concentration range form 0.65-0.75 mg/ml in antibody stabilization buffer.            

Applications:           Antibodies CCR1-101AP and CCR1-112AP are ideal for WB, IHC and ELISA applications, other applications have not been tested.  These antibodies do not cross react to other chemokine receptors.  The species cross reactivity for this antibody is not fully examined.  The dilutions for this antibody is for reference only, investigators are expected to determine the optimal conditions for specific assay.  WB: > 1:500; IMM & i.p pull-down assays: n.d; IHC n.d.  ELISA <1:10,000.  N.D does not necessarily means the antibody in not suitable for that application, investigators using this antibody in applications not listed here can ask for a complimentary sample.

Reactivity:            This antibody detects a single 45kDa of CCR1 in PC-CCR1 samples.  The antibody does not cross reacts with other members of the CCR family.    

Protocols:            Standard protocol for various applications (WB, IMM and IHC) of this antibody can be obtained upon request from FabGennix International Inc., technical service, however, FabGennix Inc., strongly recommends investigators to optimize conditions for use of this antibody.     

Form/Storage:       The antiserum is supplied in antibody stabilization buffer with 0.02% sodium azide as preservative.  For long-term storage of antibodies, store at -20oC.  FabGennix Inc. does not recommend storage of very dilute antibody solutions unless they are prepared in specially formulated multi use antibody dilution buffer (Cat # DiluOBuffer).  Working solutions of antibodies in DiluOBuffer should be filtered through 0.45u filter after every use for long-term storage.

 

For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.