Aquaporin 12
| Catalog# | Product Description | Host Species | Nature | Cross reactivity | Quantity | Volume | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AQP12-1201AP | Aquaporin 12 antibodies | Rabbit | AP | r, m | 100.0 ug | 150-200ul |
$245.00
|
| FITC-AQP12 | FITC-conjugated antibody | Rabbit | FITC-conjugated | r, m | 100.0 ug | 150-200ul |
$350.00
|
| P-AQP12 | Antigenic blocking peptide | n/a | Synthetic peptide | n/a | 250.0 ug | 100ul |
$125.00
|
| PC-AQP12 | WB positive control for AQP12 | n/a | Protein | n/a | 0.0 ug | Inquire |
$185.00
|
Water channel proteins, known as aquaporins, are transmembrane proteins that mediate osmotic water permeability. The discovery of aquaporin (AQP) has made a great impact on life sciences. AQPs are a family of homologous water channels widely distributed in plants, unicellular organisms, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Aquaporins are selective water/glycerol channels involved in the maintenance of volume homeostasis and ionic/osmotic balance. These water channels also enhance cellular tolerance against rapid freezing, which suggest that they might have some ecological relevance also. Early work of Nobel Prize winner, Peter Agre and his group first clone a 269 amino acid protein from RBC and kidney libraries that has a 6 TMD (1). The amino terminal end of the protein was in the membrane and has 2 repeats that are at 180oto each other and are responsible for water selectivity. Now there are at least 12 isoforms of Aquaporins are cloned. In brain, three main AQPs AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 are expressed and are implicated in numerous physiological functions. Aquaporins are characterized by presence of highly conserved asparagine proline alanine (NPA) boxes that are important for the formation of a water-permeating pore. AQP1 has a role in cerebrospinal fluid formation, whereas AQP4 is involved in water homeostasis and extracellular osmotic pressure in brain parenchyma. AQP4 seems also to have an important function in oedema formation after brain trauma or brain ischemia. AQP9 is implicated in brain energy metabolism (2). AQP1 and 4 are also implicated in water balance in retina and other eye components. Studies also suggest that AQP9 may be responsible for tumor angiogenesis and in the development of effusions or edema fluid and led to high vascular permeability and interstitial fluid pressure in tumors of the brain, colon, breast and pancreas
The expression of AQP12 is found in multiple rat tissues, including kidney, liver, testes and brain. AQP12 has a unique distribution in brain, appearing in Purkinje cell dendrites, hippocampal neurons of CA1 and CA2, and cerebral cortical neurons. Immunofluorescent staining of Purkinje cells indicates that AQP12 is intracellular. Unlike other aquaporins, Xenopus oocytes expressing AQP12 in the plasma membrane failed to transport water, glycerol, urea, or ions. AQP12 is functionally distinct from other proteins of the aquaporin superfamily and could represent a new aquaporin subfamily. The aquaporin 11 and 12 are localized intracellularly and have positively charged amino acid clusters at the C-terminal end identical to di-lysine (KKXX) motif for an endoplasmic retention signal. Disruption of Aquaporin 11 led to fatal polycystic kidneys (4). Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of AQP11 in the brain (3).
The Anti-AQP12 selective antibodies were generated against conserved sequences at or near C-terminal end of the protein that is unique to rat/mouse aquaporin 9 protein. The AQP12-selective antibodies are affinity purified against immobilized antigen based affinity chromatography which yielded epitope-specific antibodies. The AQP12 antibodies label a 29 kDa protein in Western blot using Western blot positive control for AQP12 (PC-AQP12). Anti-AQP12-selective antibodies are also available in affinity-purified form for confocal, Western blotting and immunocytochemical analyses. FabGennix Inc. will also conjugate antibodies with fluorescent probes upon request at extra charge. Limited quantities of antigenic peptide is also available (inquire before ordering). FabGennix Inc. also provides antibodies to other family members of aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins including AQP1-AQP12. FabGennix Inc employs cyclic peptide methodology for generating antibodies, which results in higher titer and specificity. FabGennix Int. Inc., will also provide Western blot positive controls for most of these antibodies in ready-to-use buffer for easy identification of respective proteins. Limited quantities of antigens are also available for blocking studies. Please enquire for their availability before ordering.
For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
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