Adiponectin

Adepnectin (Adpn) is a protein hormone, exclusively secreted from adipose tissue in to the blood stream that modulates number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid catabolism.  Plasma levels of Adpn are relatively high compared to many other hormones and the concentrations are inversely correlated with body fat percentage in adults, while the association in infants and young children is mofre unclear.  Adiponectin is secreted into the bloodsteam where it accounts for approximately 0.01% of all plasma protein at around 5-10 μg/mL. Plasma concentrations reveal a sexual dimorphism, with females having higher levels than males. Levels of adiponectin are reduced in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Weight reduction significantly increases circulating levels.  The hormone plays a role in the suppression of the metabolic derangements that may result in type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adiponectin exerts some of its weight reduction effects via the brain. This is similar to the action of leptin, but the two hormones perform complementary actions. Adiponectin was first characterized in mice as a transcript overexpressed in preadipocytes (precursors of fat cells) differentiating into adipocytes. The human homologue was identified as the most abundant transcript in adipose tissue.

Adiponectin is a 244-amino-acid-long polypeptide, Adpn gene is located on chromosome 3p27a region high lighted as affecting genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.  The globular structure of adpn resembles the TNF structure despite unrelated prortein sequences.  Primarily the Adpn has three distinct structural motifs, first is a short signal squence that targets the hormone for secretion outside the cell; next is a short variable region thatis species related and the third is a 65-amino acid region with similarity to collagenous proteins; the last is a globular domain. Overall this gene shows similarity to the complement 1Q factors.  Adpn exist as self associated homotrimers containing three molecules of Adpn, these homotrimers continue to associate with other Adpn molecules to form hexamers ans dodecamers. The role of these high molecular aggragates remain to be elucidated.   Adiponectin binds to a two GPCR that have been identified and characterized.  hese have distinct tissue specificities within the body and have different affinities to the various forms of adiponectin. The receptors affect the downstream target AMP kinase, an important cellular metabolic rate control point. Expression of the receptors are correlated with insulin levels, as well as reduced in mouse models of diabetes, particularly in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.

The Adeponectin-selective antibody was generated against a peptide from the globular domain that is unique to Adpn protein.  The affinity purified mono epitope-specific rabbit polyclonal antibody strongly labels a 30kDa protein of Adpn in PC-Adpn western blot positive western blot positive control samples. Limited quantities of antigenic blocking peptide for Adpn-101AP and western blot positive controls in ready-to-use buffer are also available.   FabGennix Inc. will conjugate Adeponectin antibodies with FITC, Bikotin or other fluorescent probes at a nominal charge.   FabGennix Inc. also provides antibodies against many GPCRs, leptin and other obesity related proteins, for a complete listing, please visit www.FabGennix.com.   

For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.