CyclinD1

Accession # and Alternate Nomenclature:NP_001749; D-type Cyclin, G1/S-specific Cyclin;   

Cyclins play role in cell cycle regulation which is crucial for normal development, injury repair, and tumorigenesis. D-type cyclins regulate G1 cell cycle progression by enhancing the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases, and their expression is frequently altered in tumors. D-type cyclins (D1 and D3) are the first cyclins to be expressed in the G1 phase and bound to their kinases CDK4 and CDK6. They play a major role in progression through the G1 restriction point by regulating the function of retinoblastoma protein, which in its hypophosphorylated form (the functionally active form) can arrest cell cycle in G1 . Cyclin D1 increases cell growth potential and has no influence on cell differentiation.(1).Cyclin D2, a G1/S cell-cycle regulator, is necessary for the postnatal expansion of β-cell mass of pancreas for the secretion of insulin. D cyclins are essential regulators of blood-cell division. By modulating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity, cyclin D proteins regulate retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, leading to DNA replication and cell division. Normal proliferating human tissues typically coexpress 3 cyclin D proteins (D1, D2, and D3) that are essentially interchangeable due to substantive functional redundancy. Hematopoietic cancers such as MM achieve sustained cell-cycle deregulation by overexpressing a single cyclin D(2). D-cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) are structurally and functionally similar proteins that bind and activate cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 during the G1 phase of the cell cycle as the cell prepares to initiate DNA synthesis. In mammalian cells, deregulation of these proteins lead to significantly increased cell proliferation and turnover. Overexpression of D-cyclins has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphomas.Translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) at the cyclin D1 locus is the hallmark of mantle cell lymphoma(3). Overexpression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and/or cyclin D3 (CCND3) are common in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). During multi-stage pancreatic duct cell carcinogenesis, CCND1 overexpression occurred mainly in late stage pancreatic intraepithelial neoplastic (PanIN) lesion(4)

Cyc D1-selective antibodies were generated against unique antigenic peptide sequences form Cyc D1 protein, this peptide sequence was not found in any other protein listed in the gene bank.  The CycD1 antibodies were affinity purified over immobilized antigen based chromatography, and the purified immunoglobulins are stabilized in antibody stabilization buffer.  FabGennix Int. Inc., will also provide limited quantities of antigenic blocking peptide for CycD1.  Antibodies to several other Innate Immunity targets are also available from FabGennix International Inc.  For a complete list of antibodies please visit http://www.fabgennix.com.  FabGennix Inc. will conjugate antibodies with secondary enzymes (alk-Pase or HRP) or fluorescent probes upon request at a nominal cost.  FabGennix Int. Inc., will also provide western blot positive controls for it antibodies in ready-to-use buffer.   Limited quantities of antigenic blocking peptide is available (Please inquire before placing orders).

Immunogen:            Synthetic peptides corresponding to unique epitope on CycD1 protein.  The peptide sequence was unique to CycD1 protein and was not present on any other Cyc D1family members, corresponding to aa acid sequences (Cyc-101AP: 8-20; Cyc-112AP: 35-53; Cyc-121AP: 200-218 and cyc-131AP: 278-295.  The CycD1 peptide was covalently modified post-synthetically covalently modified to achieve desired antigenicity.   

Concentration:         Cyc-101AP, Cyc-112AP, Cyc-121Ap and Cyc-131AP :  IgG concentration 0.65-0.70 mg/ml in antibody stabilization buffer.

Applications:           All cyclin D1 antibodies are good for westerns, antibody Cyc-101AP, Cyc-121 & Cyc-131AP is ideal for WB and IHC,  ELISA applications, other applications have not been tested.  These antibodies do not cross react to other proteins  The species cross reactivity for these antibodies have not been examined fully, corss reactivity id predicted based on peptide homology in other species. The dilutions for this antibody is for reference only, investigators are expected to determine the optimal conditions for specific assay.  WB: > 1:500; IMM & i.p pull-down assays: n.d; IHC 1:200.  ELISA <1:10,000.  Application of this antibody in protocols not listed here does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures.  Investigators using this antibody in applications not listed here may ask for a complimentary sample. 

Reactivity:               This antibody detects a single band of approximately 37-38kDa doublet in PC-Cyc samples. 

 

For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.