T lymphocyte antigen 4
| Catalog# | Product Description | Host Species | Nature | Cross reactivity | Quantity | Volume | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTLA4-101AP | CTLA4 antibodies | Rabbit | AP | r, m, h, others | 100.0 ug | 150-500 ul |
$245.00
|
| FITC-CTLA4 | FITC-conjugated antibodies | Rabbit | FITC-AP | r, m, h, others | 100.0 ug | 150-500 ul |
$350.00
|
| P-CTLA4 | Antigenic blocking peptide | n/a | Synthetic peptide | n/a | 250.0 ug | 100 ul |
$125.00
|
| PC-CTLA4 | WB positive control for CTLA4 | n/a | Protein in ready-to-use buffer | n/a | 0.0 ug | 150 ul |
$185.00
|
The vertebrate immune system has an important self check mechanism that prevents it from destroying the host own immune system and regulatory T cells are part of this regulatory suppressive control. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a protein that is expressed on regulatory T lymphocytes and is involved in restraining the immune response when needed and in tachyphylaxis and tolerance. The Fox3p-CD4+ (CD25+CD4+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) express the transcription factor Foxp3 suppress aberrant immune responses as seen in autoimmune diseases and allergy (1). The two important features of Foxp3+ tregs are, first they constitutively express CTLA4 and Fox3p control the expression of CTLA4 in Tregs (1). CTLA4 is a potent negative regulator of T cell responses as illustrated in CTLA4 knockout mice which die prematurely from multiorgan inflammation (2). Mutations in this gene have been associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, and other autoimmune diseases.
The polymorphism in the CTLA4 gene contributes to the genetic susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as diabetes type I (3). Various other auto immune conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease tumor immunity can be suppressed by blocking CTLA4 by CTLA4 antibody (4). By deleting the CTLA4 gene in Tregs the role of CTLA4 in maintenance of self tolerance and immune homeostasis can be studied. The Treg specific CTLA4 deficiency impairs in vivo and in vitro suppressive functions of Treg by down regulating CD80 and CD86 expression in dentritic cells (4). Thus the naturally occurring Tregs may require CTLA4 to suppress immune responses by affecting the potency of antigen-presenting cells to activate other T cells (4). The CTLA4 expressed in Fox3p positive tregs is critically required for their in vivo and in vitro suppression which is mediated in at least in part by CTLA4 dependent down regulation of CD80 and CD86 in antigen presenting cells. The CTLA4 is a key molecular target for controlling Treg-suppressive function in both physiological and pathological immune responses including autoimmunity, allergy and tumor immunity. The CTLA4 is a 223 amino acid protein with an apparent MW of 28kD. This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a protein which transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. The protein contains a V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. CTLA4 also expressed as a larger transcript variant isoform also known as CTLA4-TM. The tyrosine at position 201 is also a substrate for phosphorylation.
The CTLA4-selective antibodies were generated against peptide form unique region of the CTLA4 gene that is not present in other proteins. The antigenic sequence was common in rat, mouse and human CTLA4 gene. FabGennix Inc. has generated epitope specific anti-CTLA4 mono-epitope-specific antibodies utilizing cyclic peptide methodology. The Anti-CTLA4 antibodies have been fully characterized for cross reactivity with other cellular proteins using Western blot analyses. Limited quantities of antigenic blocking peptide and Western blot positive controls in ready-to-use buffer for CTLA4 are also available. FabGennix International Inc., will conjugate this antibody to fluorophores and to secondary enzymes at a nominal charge.
For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
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