Phospho-CCb2 antibodies
Voltage gated calcium channels play many important physiological functions by virtue of their high selectivity for Ca+2 over other divalent and monovalent cations in physiological situations. The divalent and monovalent cations selectivity is explained by the presence of a set of four glutamate/aspartate residues (EEEE locus) interacting with Ca+2 ions but it does not explain the preference of Ca+2 over other divalent cations. The calcium selectivity over other divalent cations is achieved by calcium and beta 2 subunits that are associated with the channel. There are 4 splice variants for beta 2 subunits (Beta 1, 2, 3 and 4) are known for the beta 2 subunit and distinct beta-GFP subunits distributed differentially between the surface sarcolemma, transverse elements, and nucleus in single heart cells (1). Expression of beta subunits in cardiomyocytes increased the native cardiac whole-cell L-type Ca(2+) channel current density, but produced distinctive effects on channel inactivation kinetics. The degree of enhancement of whole-cell current density was in the order of beta(2a) approximately equal to beta(4) > beta(1b) > beta(3) (1). Skeletal muscle VGCC/dihydropyrudine receptor is composed of five proteins (alfa1, alfa2, delta, beta and gama). Coexpression of beta2 with alpha 1 in expression system resulted in Calcium channel activity, cardiomyocytes (2).
Inactivation of voltage-gated calcium channels is crucial for the spatiotemporal coordination of calcium signals and prevention of toxic calcium buildup. Only one member of the highly conserved family of calcium channel beta-subunits--Ca(V)beta--inhibits inactivation (3). This unique property has been attributed to short variable regions of the protein; however, here we report that this inhibition actually is conferred by a conserved guanylate kinase (GK) domain and, moreover, that this domain alone recapitulates Ca(V)beta-mediated modulation of channel activation. The beta 2 subunit undergoes phosphorylation at serine near C-terminal end via PKA and scaffolding protein AKAP15 interaction near the distal C-terminal end of the protein (4).
Phopsho-specific PCCb2-selective antibodies were generated against conserved sequence from near distal C-terminal end of beta subunit2. This epitope is conserved in rat and human beta 2 subunit protein and also has a consensus protein kinase phosphorylation motif (ecs kqr s(p)rh ksk dry c) near C-terminal end of PCCb2. The PCCb2 phospho-specific antibodies were selected on phospho- and non phospho-peptide affinity matrices that yielded purified phospho-specific antibodies. The PCCb2 antibodies label a approximately 73-75kDa protein in Western blot using Western blot positive control for Phospho-CCb2 subunit (PC-PCCb2). Anti-PCCb2-selective antibodies are available in affinity-purified form for confocal, Western blotting and IHC analyses. FabGennix Inc. will also conjugate antibodies with fluorescent probes upon request at extra charge. Limited quantities of antigenic peptide is also available (inquire before ordering). FabGennix Inc. also provides antibodies to other family members of ion channel proteins, for a complete listing please visit www.FabGenni.com FabGennix Inc employs cyclic peptide methodology for generating antibodies, which results in higher titer and specificity. FabGennix Int. Inc., will also provide Western blot positive controls for most of these antibodies in ready-to-use buffer for easy identification of respective proteins. Limited quantities of antigens are also available for blocking studies. Please enquire for their availability before ordering.
For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
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