Calcium binding protein
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espite the abundance of calcium in the body, only a fraction of (1%) is present in the ionic form in biological fluids and rest is bound to various calcium biding proteins such as calmodulin, S100, calretinin, calbindin, parvalbumins etc. The ionic concentration of calcium is regulated by calcium sensing receptors. These receptors activate trans-cellular transport of calcium across the apical membranes facilitated by a group of low molecular weight calcium binding proteins. The active transport of calcium is achieved by Sodium calcium exchanges and by calcium transport proteins. S100 protein is a member of low MW calcium binding protein family, has two subunits (alfa and beta) and is expressed in S100ab or S100 bb confirmations. Human S100b subunit is a 94 amino acid protein expressed in brain. There are 9 genes (S100A1 through S100A9) that are mapped on chromosome 21q22.2-q22.3. S100 proteins improve contractility of the heart muscle by various mechanisms involving handling of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium by myofbirilar calcium ion responsiveness. Because of the predominant location of S100 proteins in the glial cells, the S100 protein is leaked in to extracellular matrix and in to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) upon CNS injury. The S100 protein is a reliable marker for measuring the extent of CNS and neuronal damage (1, 2). Measurement of S100 protein is also a useful tool in diagnosis of acute stroke (3) and in various brain haemorrhages due to ruptured aneurysm (4).
FabGennix Inc. provides two antibodies to rat and human S100 protein; (1) S100 beta/beta homodimer antibody raised in rabbits against purified human S100 protein. The S100-selective C-terminal peptide antibodies are also available from FabGennix International Inc. The S100 peptide antibodies label both alfa and beta form of the S100 proteins on Western blots using rat brain extracts. The S100 antibodies do not cross react with other calcium binding proteins including calbindin, calretinin or parvalbumins.
The S100-selective antibodies (S100b-100P/101AP and S100-110P/112AP) were generated using purified S100 protein or peptide methodology that results in higher titer and specificity. S100-selective antibodies are also available in affinity purified form for confocal, Western blotting and immunocytochemical analyses. FabGennix Inc. will also conjugate antibodies with enzymes, fluorescent probes upon request at extra charge.
For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
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| FabGennix Product Used | Authors, Year, Journal, Title | Technique used | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| S100b | Manabu Ito, et. al.,
2006
J. Immunol. 2006;176;5637-5643. Tumor-Derived TGFbeta-1 Induces Dendritic Cell Apoptosis in the Sentinal Lumphnodes |
IHC, WB | |

